Анотація
Russia’s military aggression in Ukraine has significantly impacted the mental health of the population and increased the number of people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is believed, that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) poses significant risk for individuals’ socioemotional and physical health. Analysis of recent research and publications allows us to state that post-traumatic stress disorder is manifested by a number of stable neurobiological changes and psychological symptoms. The signs and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder reflect a persistent, abnormal adaptation of neurobiological systems to the stress of witnessed trauma. The neurobiological systems that regulate stress responses include certain endocrine and neurotransmitter pathways as well as a network of brain regions known to regulate fear behavior at both conscious and unconscious levels. It was found that the neurobiological features of PTSD can be divided into three groups: neuroendocrine, neurochemical, and neuroanatomical. Core endocrine features of PTSD include abnormal regulation of cortisol and thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine, T 3; thyroxine, Т 4). Changes in the operation of two systems are included in this process: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axes. Core neurochemical features of PTSD include abnormal regulation of catecholamine, serotonin, amino acid, peptide and opioid neurotransmitters, each of which is found in brain circuits that regulate/integrate stress and fear responses. Neuroanatomical changes are primarily associated with a decrease in the volume of the hippocampus, the anterior cingulate gyrus, and an increase in the volume of the amygdala. Accordingly, excessive activity of the amygdala and reduced activation of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus are registered in PTSD. Psychological changes associated with PTSD include overexcitation of the sympathetic nervous system, increased sensitivity and reactivity, intrusions and intrusive memories, persistent negative thoughts and emotions and avoidance symptoms
Ключові слова
stress; post-traumatic stress disorder; PTSD; neurobiology; neuroanatomy; psychology
Використані джерела
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