Анотація
The article describes the features of the development of the education system in Afghanistan and the analysis of achievements in education over the past 20 years. Four main types of schools (public schools, community-based educational programs, madrasas and private schools) are identified and characterized. The main problems and gaps that need to be urgently addressed against the context of profound political changes in the country (lack of schools and insufficient transport links; geographical barriers; minimal academic qualifications of teachers; socio-political and humanitarian crisis, violence against girls and attacks on schools) are identified. The analysis of the study is based on publicly available reports and indicators of the United Nations (UN), UNESCO, the European Union on the level of education of the population. The analysis of the financial benefits of education in Afghanistan, as well as the difference in wages between workers with different levels of education. The program and goals of the UN Global Fund “Education Cannot Wait” and its impact on the development of the education system of Afghanistan are investigated. The main directions that need to be overcome by Afghanistan in the process of reforming and modernizing education (development and implementation of a unified standard curriculum for secondary school; development of educational infrastructure for the provision of educational services; openness and accessibility of educational opportunities for equal access for all children; creation of a safe and secure educational environment, involvement of all students in education without taking into account gender differences, etc.) The influence of the Taliban terrorist organization on the process of education reform in Afghanistan is investigated. The study focuses on the strengthening of the following main areas of activity in the field of education in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war (increasing the country’s GDP on education; expansion of international programs and financial donor investments in education; restoration and development of educational infrastructure and provision of necessary materials and equipment for youth education; increased attention to the provision of educational services for internally displaced persons; organization of distance learning, etc.)
Ключові слова
public schools; community-based education programs; madrassas; private schools; Taliban; education management information system
Використані джерела
[1] Afghanistan. 2021. URL: https://vue.gov.ua/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3% D0%B0%D0%BD%D1% 96%D1% 81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD [in Ukrainе].
[2] Afghanistan. Education Cannot Wait. 2022. URL: https://www.educationcannotwait.org/our-investments/where-we[1]work/afghanistan.
[3] Afghanistan Education Equity Profile for Adolescent Girls. 2019. URL: https://www.unicef.org/rosa/media/5491/file/Afghanistan%20%E2%80%93%20Education%20Equity%20Profile%20for%2 0Adolescent%20Girls.pdf.
[4] Afghanistan: Girls Struggle for an Education, 2017. URL: https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/10/17/afghanistan-girls[1]struggle-education
[5] Afghanistan: Number of people internally displaced by conflict doubled to 1.2 million in just three years. 2016. URL: https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/05/afghanistan-internally-displaced/).
[6] Afghanistan – UNESCO highlights key challenges for Education, Science and Culture in the country. 2021. URL: https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/afghanistan-unesco-highlights-key-challenges-education-science-and-culture-country
[7] Child soldiers in Afghanistan, 2021. URL: https://borgenproject.org/child-soldiers-in-afghanistan/.
[8] Cost of Inaction: Girl’s education in Afghanistan. Executive Summary. 2022. URL: https://weshare.unicef.org/archive/-2AMZIF9DXM6R.html.
[9] Dispatches: A Law Ignored and Another Horror in Afghanistan. 2016. URL: https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/01/20/dispatches-law-ignored-and-another-horror-afghanistan.
[10] Education. 2018. URL: https://www.unicef.org/afghanistan/education. 11. Education system Afghanistan | EP-Nuffic | 1st edition November 2013 | version 1, January 2015 URL: https://www.nuffic.nl/en/education-systems/afghanistan
[11] Girls’ Access to Education in Afghanistan. 2017. URL: https://www.hrw.org/report/2017/10/17/i-wont-be-doctor[1]and-one-day-youll-be-sick/girls-access-education-afghanistan.
[12] I Won’t Be a Doctor, and One Day You’ll Be Sick, 2017. URL: https://www.hrw.org/report/2017/10/17/i-wont-be[1]doctor-and-one-day-youll-be-sick/girls-access-education-afghanistan
[13] Rising Violence Will Keep More Than 1,000 Schools Shut in Afghanistan. 2019. URL: https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/attacks-afghanistan-schools-closed/
[14] The right to education: what’s at stake in Afghanistan? A 20-year review, 2021. URL: https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/afghanistan_v11.pdf
[15] Will Afghanistan Follow Through on Promise to End Child Marriage?. 2017. URL: https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/04/20/will-afghanistan-follow-through-promise-end-child-marriage)